{"id":36,"date":"2025-06-02T16:23:31","date_gmt":"2025-06-02T16:23:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/?page_id=36"},"modified":"2025-06-04T18:51:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-04T18:51:09","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/research\/","title":{"rendered":"Research"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><strong>Last Updated<\/strong>: 06\/04\/2025 | All information is accurate and up-to-date<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ICEL\u2019s research brings together ideas from cognitive psychology, ergonomics and artificial intelligence. This combination helps create systems that boost your abilities and ensure safety, usability and satisfaction. Key research areas include human-AI teamwork, social intelligence in AI, human behavior modeling and Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) computing. These projects support fields like automated driving, healthcare and other critical areas.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"ncst-labeled-section wp-block-ncst-featured-content ncst-featured-content is-card-style layout-three-column\">\n  <div class=\"ncst-labeled-section__background\">\n    <div class=\"ncst-labeled-section__container\">\n               <div class=\"ncst-labeled-section__header\">\n                      <h2 class=\"ncst-labeled-section__heading\">Research Projects<\/h2>\n                            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"ncst-labeled-section__content\">\n        \n<div class=\"wp-block-ncst-featured-content\"><a\n    class=\"ncst-content-card wp-block-ncst-content-card with-image with-cta\"\n    href=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/research\/human-cognition-models-av-interaction-scenes\/\"\n  >\n  \n          <div class=\"content-card__image-container\">\n        <div class=\"content-card__image-background\">\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\"\n            class=\"content-card__image wp-image-176\"\n            alt=\"In the upper left corner is a video of a pedestrian being tracked as he walks across the street. The rest are graphs and charts showing the data recorded from the pedestrian&#039;s movements.\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-human-cognitive-models-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg\"\n            style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; \"\n srcset=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-human-cognitive-models-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-human-cognitive-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-human-cognitive-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-human-cognitive-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-human-cognitive-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-human-cognitive-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"content-card__text-container\">\n      \n                        <h3 class=\"content-card__headline\">Human Cognition Models to Inspire AVs in Interaction Scenes<\/h3>\n              \n\n              \n\t      \t        <p class=\"content-card__teaser\">Autonomous vehicles (AVs) face challenges predicting pedestrian behavior due to uncertainty, sudden changes, and longer prediction time frames. AV-pedestrian negotiations demand higher precision than safety features. We suggest generative models to create multiple trajectory options or heatmaps and recommend studying human driver-pedestrian interactions to develop better strategies, making AVs safer and more reliable in complex scenarios.<\/p>\n\t      \t    \n              <p class=\"content-card__cta\"><span class=\"text\">Read more<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span><\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n  <\/a>\n\n\n<a\n    class=\"ncst-content-card wp-block-ncst-content-card with-image with-cta\"\n    href=\"https:\/\/ise.ncsu.edu\/icel\/research\/explainable-ai-algorithm-for-driving-decision-making\/\"\n  >\n  \n          <div class=\"content-card__image-container\">\n        <div class=\"content-card__image-background\">\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\"\n            class=\"content-card__image wp-image-179\"\n            alt=\"A diagram explaining how the AI algorithm makes driving decisions.\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-explainable-ai-algorithm-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg\"\n            style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; \"\n srcset=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-explainable-ai-algorithm-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-explainable-ai-algorithm-featured-image-06-2025-01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-explainable-ai-algorithm-featured-image-06-2025-01-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-explainable-ai-algorithm-featured-image-06-2025-01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-explainable-ai-algorithm-featured-image-06-2025-01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-explainable-ai-algorithm-featured-image-06-2025-01-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"content-card__text-container\">\n      \n                        <h3 class=\"content-card__headline\">Explainable AI Algorithm for Driving Decision-Making<\/h3>\n              \n\n              \n\t      \t        <p class=\"content-card__teaser\">An explainable AI algorithm helps improve driving decisions by making them easier to understand. First, the implicit visual-semantic module captures action-inducing components in specific regions, turning them into explanations people can follow. Next, the explicit reasoning module combines human-annotated explanations with intention predictions. By using this multi-task approach, the AI creates decisions that are both accurate and clear.<\/p>\n\t      \t    \n              <p class=\"content-card__cta\"><span class=\"text\">Read more<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span><\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n  <\/a>\n\n\n<a\n    class=\"ncst-content-card wp-block-ncst-content-card with-image with-cta\"\n    href=\"https:\/\/ise.ncsu.edu\/icel\/research\/pedestrian-behavior-prediction-models\/\"\n  >\n  \n          <div class=\"content-card__image-container\">\n        <div class=\"content-card__image-background\">\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\"\n            class=\"content-card__image wp-image-184\"\n            alt=\"With the pedestrian behavior prediction model tracking their movements at a street intersection, the system will calculate the likelihood that they will cross the street.\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-pedestrian-behavior-prediction-models-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg\"\n            style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; \"\n srcset=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-pedestrian-behavior-prediction-models-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-pedestrian-behavior-prediction-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-pedestrian-behavior-prediction-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-pedestrian-behavior-prediction-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-pedestrian-behavior-prediction-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-pedestrian-behavior-prediction-models-featured-image-06-2025-01-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"content-card__text-container\">\n      \n                        <h3 class=\"content-card__headline\">Pedestrian Behavior Prediction Models<\/h3>\n              \n\n              \n\t      \t        <p class=\"content-card__teaser\">Automated vehicles (AVs) work well on highways but struggle in urban areas. One big challenge is dealing with the \u201cunpredictable\u201d and rapidly changing actions of pedestrians and other vulnerable road users. AVs rely on cautious strategies that use short-term kinematics to avoid crashes. To improve this, we are developing deep-learning algorithms. These tools will better predict pedestrian behavior and help AVs make smarter decisions in complex urban environments.<\/p>\n\t      \t    \n              <p class=\"content-card__cta\"><span class=\"text\">Read more<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span><\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n  <\/a>\n\n\n<a\n    class=\"ncst-content-card wp-block-ncst-content-card with-image with-cta\"\n    href=\"https:\/\/ise.ncsu.edu\/icel\/research\/driver-state-monitoring-system\/\"\n  >\n  \n          <div class=\"content-card__image-container\">\n        <div class=\"content-card__image-background\">\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\"\n            class=\"content-card__image wp-image-189\"\n            alt=\"An ICEL researcher explaining to a test subject who is sitting inside a research car how the tracking system works.\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-driver-state-monitoring-system-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg\"\n            style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; \"\n srcset=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-driver-state-monitoring-system-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-driver-state-monitoring-system-featured-image-06-2025-01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-driver-state-monitoring-system-featured-image-06-2025-01-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-driver-state-monitoring-system-featured-image-06-2025-01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-driver-state-monitoring-system-featured-image-06-2025-01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-driver-state-monitoring-system-featured-image-06-2025-01-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"content-card__text-container\">\n      \n                        <h3 class=\"content-card__headline\">Driver State Monitoring System<\/h3>\n              \n\n              \n\t      \t        <p class=\"content-card__teaser\">The Driver State Monitoring (DSM) system improves road safety by tracking head movements and eye glances with cameras. It detects distractions, issues warnings, and prevents accidents. Researchers tested it with over 1,000 participants in various conditions, considering demographics, facial features, and lighting scenarios like night glare and daylight shadows. The data provided valuable insights to enhance its performance.<\/p>\n\t      \t    \n              <p class=\"content-card__cta\"><span class=\"text\">Read more<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span><\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n  <\/a>\n\n\n<a\n    class=\"ncst-content-card wp-block-ncst-content-card with-image with-cta\"\n    href=\"https:\/\/ise.ncsu.edu\/icel\/research\/behavior-modeling-av-users\/\"\n  >\n  \n          <div class=\"content-card__image-container\">\n        <div class=\"content-card__image-background\">\n          <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\"\n            class=\"content-card__image wp-image-192\"\n            alt=\"The view looking out of a vehicle&#039;s windshield at a person crossing the road as the behavior modeling system records the person&#039;s movements.\"\n            src=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-behavior-modeling-av-users-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg\"\n            style=\"aspect-ratio: 16\/9; object-fit: cover; \"\n srcset=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-behavior-modeling-av-users-featured-image-06-2025-01.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-behavior-modeling-av-users-featured-image-06-2025-01-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-behavior-modeling-av-users-featured-image-06-2025-01-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-behavior-modeling-av-users-featured-image-06-2025-01-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-behavior-modeling-av-users-featured-image-06-2025-01-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-behavior-modeling-av-users-featured-image-06-2025-01-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\" \/>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    \n    <div class=\"content-card__text-container\">\n      \n                        <h3 class=\"content-card__headline\">Behavior Modeling of AV Users<\/h3>\n              \n\n              \n\t      \t        <p class=\"content-card__teaser\">Behavior modeling of autonomous vehicle (AV) users focuses on understanding how people interact with AVs. For example, researchers study the behavior of drivers, passengers, pedestrians and other road users who might encounter AVs. By examining these patterns, they aim to improve human-centric AI systems. This research helps guide the design, development and testing of intelligent transportation systems, ensuring they work safely and effectively for everyone involved.<\/p>\n\t      \t    \n              <p class=\"content-card__cta\"><span class=\"text\">Read more<\/span><span class=\"arrow-indicator\"><svg class=\"wolficon wolficon-arrow-right-bold\" role=\"img\"  aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<use xlink:href=\"#wolficon-arrow-right-bold\">\n\t\t<\/svg><\/span><\/p>\n          <\/div>\n\n  <\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n              <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last Updated: 06\/04\/2025 | All information is accurate and up-to-date ICEL\u2019s research brings together ideas from cognitive psychology, ergonomics and artificial intelligence. This combination helps create systems that boost your&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12816,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"source":"","ncst_custom_author":"","ncst_show_custom_author":false,"ncst_dynamicHeaderBlockName":"ncst\/floating-box-header","ncst_dynamicHeaderData":"{\"backgroundColor\":\"red_400\",\"boxPosition\":\"left\",\"ctaNum\":\"one\",\"useCTA\":false,\"imageID\":102,\"imageURL\":\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/372\/2025\/06\/cognitive-ergonomics-intelligent-systems-research-featured-image-10-2024-01.jpg\",\"pageIntro\":\"The Intelligent Cognitive Ergonomics Lab\u2019s research brings together ideas from cognitive psychology, ergonomics and artificial intelligence.\"}","ncst_content_audit_freq":"","ncst_content_audit_date":"","ncst_content_audit_display":false,"ncst_backToTopFlag":"on","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-36","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Research | ICEL | NC State ISE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Intelligent Cognitive Ergonomics Lab\u2019s research brings together ideas from cognitive psychology, ergonomics and artificial intelligence.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/webpublishing.oit.ncsu.edu\/icel-ise-ncsu-edu\/research\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Research | ICEL | NC State ISE\" 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